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avr_bootloader:bootloader [2020/03/23 19:21] admin [Burning the Bootloader with the AVRdude] |
avr_bootloader:bootloader [2020/06/11 22:13] |
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| - | ===== Burning the Bootloader ===== | ||
| - | If one uses an Atmega328 chip in his Arduino or Paperduino project one needs to burn a bootloader. That program allows later for an easy upload of programs. For the Paper-Arduino-Clones we have to burn the Arduino UNO bootloader on our ATmega chip. Depending on the burning device there are a lot of different technics to do so. | ||
| - | |||
| - | ---- | ||
| - | ==== Burning the Bootloader with the Arduino IDE ==== | ||
| - | |||
| - | For burning the bootloader on the Paperduino-UNO, or on the Paper-Leonardo you need to connect the following pins on your Paperduino-UNO with your ISP programmer (in-system programmer): | ||
| - | * 11 - MOSI | ||
| - | * 12 - MISO | ||
| - | * 13 - SCK | ||
| - | * Reset | ||
| - | * Ground | ||
| - | * + 5V | ||
| - | After connecting the programmer to your computer select in the Arduino IDE in Tools/Programmer your programmer and than click Tools/Burn Bootloader. | ||
| - | |||
| - | === ... and an AVR programmer === | ||
| - | {{ :arduino_clones:isp_adapter.jpg?direct&300 |}} | ||
| - | |||
| - | On the photo one sees the ISP programmer with an ISP adapter board. But you could also build your own modified wire like that on the [[http://arduino.cc/en/Hacking/MiniBootloader|Mini Bootloader project]]. Anyway here are the connection of an original ISP header. | ||
| - | |||
| - | {{:arduino_clones:isp-header.jpg?nolink|}} | ||
| - | |||
| - | Cause my ISP programmer has a different protocol than the original AVR ISP programmer I had to modifier the programmers.txt file.\\ | ||
| - | In that folder (on Linux): | ||
| - | /usr/share/arduino/hardware/arduino | ||
| - | The third line has to change to: | ||
| - | avrisp.protocol=stk500v2 | ||
| - | |||
| - | === ... and the Paper-USBasp Programmer === | ||
| - | A [[https://www.fischl.de/usbasp/|USBasp]] programmer will be used similar than the AVR ISP programmer, just select the USBasp programmer and burn. | ||
| - | |||
| - | {{ :avr_bootloader:paper_usbasp_1274.jpg?300 |}} | ||
| - | |||
| - | Here is a manual for building your own [[avr_bootloader:paper_usbasp|Paper-USBasp programmmer]]. | ||
| - | |||
| - | |||
| - | === ... and a Paperduino-UNO === | ||
| - | |||
| - | The Paperduino-UNO was designed for cloning and that's why you can use easiely your Paperduino-UNO for burning the bootloder. Just load the ArduinoISP program from the Arduino IDE examples on your Paperduino-UNO. After that, **turn off the auto reset by removing the auto reset jumper**. And than connect the pins like that: | ||
| - | * 13 to 13 | ||
| - | * 12 to 12 | ||
| - | * 11 to 11 | ||
| - | * 10 to Reset | ||
| - | * Ground to Ground | ||
| - | * +5V to +5V | ||
| - | ... and than burn! | ||
| - | |||
| - | {{ :arduino_clones:paperduino-uno_as_isp_adapter_wspahn.jpg?direct&300 |}} | ||
| - | |||
| - | === Burning an Atmega328 (without P) === | ||
| - | |||
| - | The Atmega328 chip has a different signature than the Atmega328p (p stands for picoPower). When one wants to burn this chip with the IDE the avrdude.conf file has to be changed.\\ | ||
| - | Open the file: | ||
| - | /usr/share/arduino/hardware/tools/avrdude.conf | ||
| - | or (depends on the Arduino version): | ||
| - | /usr/share/arduino/hardware/tools/avr/etc/avrdude.conf | ||
| - | search for the Atmega328p signature:\\ | ||
| - | 0x1e 0x95 0x0F | ||
| - | and replace it with the Atmega328 signature:\\ | ||
| - | 0x1e 0x95 0x14 | ||
| - | Now it should be possible to burn the Atmega328 with the Arduino IDE. Don't forget to change it back for the P version of the Atmega chip. | ||
| - | |||
| - | ---- | ||
| - | ==== Burning the Bootloader with the AVRdude ==== | ||
| - | |||
| - | Burning the bootloader on an Atmega328p chip of | ||
| - | a Paperduino-Uno or a Paper-Duino-Pi with an AVR ISP programmer in command line (Linux). | ||
| - | If it's not already installed one needs to install the Avrdude. | ||
| - | $ sudo pacman -S avrdude | ||
| - | |||
| - | Go to the folder with the bootloader: | ||
| - | $ cd /usr/share/arduino/hardware/arduino/avr/bootloaders/optiboot/ | ||
| - | |||
| - | === Fuse Bits === | ||
| - | In the board.txt file for the Arduino UNO the fuse bits are set like that: | ||
| - | uno.bootloader.low_fuses=0xFF | ||
| - | uno.bootloader.high_fuses=0xDE | ||
| - | uno.bootloader.extended_fuses=0xFD | ||
| - | uno.bootloader.unlock_bits=0x3F | ||
| - | uno.bootloader.lock_bits=0x0F | ||
| - | The extended fuse bits settings for the brown-out detection level (BOD) are: | ||
| - | 0xFF (BOD disabled) | ||
| - | 0xFC (BOD = 4.3V) | ||
| - | 0xFD (BOD = 2.7V) | ||
| - | 0xFE (BOD = 1.8V) | ||
| - | That is the level where the Arduino resets when underpowered.\\ | ||
| - | |||
| - | A good manual for calculating the fuse bits one findes here [[https://www.instructables.com/id/How-to-change-fuse-bits-of-AVR-Atmega328p-8bit-mic/]]. | ||
| - | |||
| - | === ... with an AVR ISP Programmer ==== | ||
| - | |||
| - | For setting the fuse bits one has to type: | ||
| - | $ sudo avrdude -p m328p -c stk500v2 -P /dev/ttyACM0 -U lfuse:w:0xFF:m -U hfuse:w:0xDE:m -U efuse:w:0xFD:m | ||
| - | And for the bootloader: | ||
| - | $ sudo avrdude -p m328p -c stk500v2 -P /dev/ttyACM0 -U flash:w:optiboot_atmega328.hex:i | ||
| - | Depending on the AVR ISP Programmer it could be that one needs the stk500v1 protocol. | ||
| - | |||
| - | === ... with the Paper-AVRISP mkII === | ||
| - | |||
| - | If one has a [[avr_bootloader:paper-avrisp_mk2|Paper-AVRISP mkII]] one hast to type in the terminal the following. For setting the fuse bits: | ||
| - | $ sudo avrdude -p m328p -c avrispmkII -P usb -U lfuse:w:0xFF:m -U hfuse:w:0xDE:m -U efuse:w:0xFD:m | ||
| - | And for the actual bootloader: | ||
| - | $ sudo avrdude -p m328p -c avrispmkII -P usb -U flash:w:optiboot_atmega328.hex:i | ||
| - | |||
| - | === Problem Solving === | ||
| - | To erase all fuse bits one can use the attribute: -e\\ | ||
| - | or even: -e -F\\ | ||
| - | Sometimes a specific Baud rate helps, too: -b 19200\\ | ||
| - | For verbose mode output use: -v\\ | ||
| - | |||
| - | === Burning an Atmega328 (without P) == | ||
| - | |||
| - | When using an Atmega328 (without p) use "-p m238" instead of "-p m238p". An other possibility would be to use sdditionaly -F for skipping the signature check.\\ | ||
| - | |||
| - | |||
| - | More information one finds at the [[avr_bootloader:AVRdude|AVRdude]] page.\\ | ||
| - | ---- | ||
| - | ==== Links ==== | ||
| - | [[https://www.arduino.cc/en/Hacking/Bootloader?from=Tutorial.Bootloader]]\\ | ||
| - | [[https://www.fischl.de/usbasp/]]\\ | ||
| - | [[https://www.nongnu.org/avrdude/]]\\ | ||
| - | [[https://www.ladyada.net/learn/avr/avrdude.html]]\\ | ||
| - | |||
| - | ---- | ||
| - | ==== License ==== | ||
| - | |||
| - | This manual was made by **Wolfgang Spahn** 2010-20.\\ | ||
| - | It is licensed under a [[http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/"|Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License]]. | ||
| - | |||
| - | <html> | ||
| - | <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" style="border-width:0" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc-sa/4.0/88x31.png" /></a> | ||
| - | </html> | ||
| - | |||
| - | ---- | ||